bitpie最新下载|generosity
bitpie最新下载|generosity
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2024-03-13 03:11:02
GENEROSITY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
GENEROSITY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
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Meaning of generosity in English
generositynoun [ U ] uk
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/ˌdʒen.əˈrɒs.ə.ti/ us
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/ˌdʒen.əˈrɑː.sə.t̬i/
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B2 the quality or condition of being generous: Her friends take advantage of (= benefit unfairly from) her generosity.
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases
Generous & charitable
altruistic
altruistically
anti-materialism
anti-materialist
beneficence
eleemosynary
generous
generously
giver
handout
munificence
munificent
munificently
open-handed
open-handedly
super-sweet
unsparing
unsparingly
unstinted
unstinting
See more results »
You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:
Plenty and abundant
(Definition of generosity from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
generosity | American Dictionary
generositynoun [ U ] us
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/ˌdʒen·əˈrɑs·ət̬·i/
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a willingness to give help or support, esp. more than is usual or expected: She is admired for her generosity.
(Definition of generosity from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
Examples of generosity
generosity
Although increasing plan generosity and enhancing plan communication can significantly boost employees' appreciation of their retirement programs, there is a tradeoff to consider.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Again we find that greater plan generosity and more effective communication are associated with higher levels of plan appreciation.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Raising plan generosity also boosts employees' appreciation of their retirement program but its effect is more modest.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Moreover, during the 1980s transfer programmes were relatively stable, indicating that their relative generosity was in some sort of equilibrium before the crisis.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
We refrain from hasty conclusions about the greater generosity and lesser dependency needs of women, but clearly these gender differences invite greater scrutiny.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
It is more consistent with human dignity for us to satisfy our wants through the market than through pre-market relations of generosity, patronage and dependence.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
No one should be pinche (stingy) and one should never take advantage of someone else's generosity.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Assistance to hosts is a way of compensating families for their generosity.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Insufficient generosity and uninformed views amongst the public were hindering social democracy as much as inadequate levels of economic growth or mistaken policies.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
But to those who knew her, it was even more her humour, her enthusiasm, her generosity, and her integrity for which she will be remembered.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
But such minor lapses are trivial in a book of such intellectual scope and generosity as this.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Like the gentlemen in the previous jest, they do not respond with the generosity of their master.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Figures 14 and 15 present the results for the different financing scenarios, while maintaining the generosity of pensions at a high level (baseline).
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Benevolence or generosity are directed towards particular recipients.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
He reproduces long passages of text and reads with generosity and insight.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
What is the pronunciation of generosity?
B2
Translations of generosity
in Chinese (Traditional)
慷慨，大方…
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in Chinese (Simplified)
慷慨，大方…
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in Spanish
generosidad, generosidad [feminine]…
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in Portuguese
generosidade, generosidade [feminine]…
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in more languages
in Marathi
in Japanese
in Turkish
in French
in Catalan
in Dutch
in Tamil
in Hindi
in Gujarati
in Danish
in Swedish
in Malay
in German
in Norwegian
in Urdu
in Ukrainian
in Russian
in Telugu
in Arabic
in Bengali
in Czech
in Indonesian
in Thai
in Vietnamese
in Polish
in Korean
in Italian
औदार्य…
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気前のよさ, 寛大（かんだい）さ…
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cömertlik, eli açıklık…
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générosité [feminine], générosité…
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generositat…
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generositeit…
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தாராளமாக இருப்பதன் தரம் அல்லது நிலை…
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(गुणवत्ता या अवस्था की) उदारता…
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ઉદારતા, દાનશીલતા (ગુણવત્તા અથવા સ્થિતિની)…
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gavmildhed, generøsitet, storsindethed…
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generositet…
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murah hati…
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die Freigiebigkeit…
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sjenerøsitet [masculine], raushet [masculine], sjenerøsitet…
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فراخدلی, سخاوت, فیاضی…
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великодушність, щедрість…
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щедрость, великодушие…
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ఉదారం/ ఉదారంగా ఉండడం తాలూకు నాణ్యత లేదా స్థితి…
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كَرَم, سَخاء…
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উদারতা…
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velkorysost…
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kedermawanan…
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ความเอื้อเฟื้อ, ความเผื่อแผ่…
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tính hào hiệp…
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hojność, wspaniałomyślność, wielkoduszność…
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관대함…
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generosità…
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Generosity Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Generosity Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
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generosity
noun
gen·er·os·i·ty
ˌje-nə-ˈrä-sə-tē
-ˈrä-stē
plural generosities
Synonyms of generosity
1
a
: the quality or fact of being generous
a person of great generosity
b
: a generous act
2
: abundance
great generosity of spirit
Synonyms
bigheartedness
bountifulness
bounty
generousness
largesse
largess
liberality
munificence
openhandedness
openheartedness
philanthropy
unselfishness
See all Synonyms & Antonyms in Thesaurus
Examples of generosity in a Sentence
her generosity toward the poor
a sidewalk beggar who benefited from the generosity of kindhearted passersby
Recent Examples on the Web
The couple says they were met with no shortage of kindness and generosity from the Iraqi people.
—Zoey Lyttle, Peoplemag, 29 Feb. 2024
At 133 minutes, the doc runs long but never dull, given the generosity of attention lavished on almost the entire Powell and Pressburger filmography.
—Guy Lodge, Variety, 21 Feb. 2024
On a Facebook tribute a few years ago describing that first encounter, Green hailed Cables’ bountiful generosity on and off the bandstand.
—Andrew Gilbert, The Mercury News, 13 Feb. 2024
Scorsese continued the Telluride tale of film talent meetings that day in 1978 and talked up Wenders’ work almost as much as Wenders had his, showing his generosity towards others and encyclopedic knowledge of cinema.
—Liza Foreman, The Hollywood Reporter, 20 Feb. 2024
But Fraser says the generosity has gone beyond money.
—Tim Carman, Washington Post, 15 Feb. 2024
With her generosity and love for bridal nostalgia, Puccio continues to spread happiness and make a difference in the lives of countless brides-to-be.
—Jordan Greene, Peoplemag, 13 Feb. 2024
There was just something about her openness and her generosity and her spirituality.
—George Varga, San Diego Union-Tribune, 9 Feb. 2024
With all the rain, food supplies are likely more ample this winter, and despite our generosity and delicious supply of food, there’s nothing like Mother Nature’s home cooking.
—Joan Morris, The Mercury News, 29 Jan. 2024
See More
These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'generosity.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.
Word History
First Known Use
1566, in the meaning defined at sense 1a
Time Traveler
The first known use of generosity was
in 1566
See more words from the same year
Dictionary Entries Near generosity
generitype
generosity
generous
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Merriam-Webster
“Generosity.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/generosity. Accessed 12 Mar. 2024.
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Kids Definition
generosity
noun
gen·er·os·i·ty
ˌjen-ə-ˈräs-ət-ē
plural generosities
1
: freedom in spirit or act
especially
: readiness in giving
2
: a generous act
More from Merriam-Webster on generosity
Nglish: Translation of generosity for Spanish Speakers
Britannica English: Translation of generosity for Arabic Speakers
Last Updated:
6 Mar 2024
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Just a moment...
a moment...Enable JavaScript and cookies to contiWhat Is Generosity? (And How to Be a More Generous Person) | Psychology Today
What Is Generosity? (And How to Be a More Generous Person) | Psychology Today
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Tchiki Davis, Ph.D.
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Altruism
What Is Generosity? (And How to Be a More Generous Person)
Simple ways to be more generous to others.
Posted February 4, 2019
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Reviewed by Jessica Schrader
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Source: Pixabay
Generosity is the act of being kind, selfless, and giving to others. Despite being an act that is done to benefit others' well-being, generosity also paradoxically increases our well-being. So being generous is a fantastic way to improve your mental health and well-being. Not sure how to do it? Read on to discover how to be a more generous person.
Why generosity is good for you
Generosity is a good thing for our mental health and well-being because when we give to someone we care about, we make it more likely for them to give to us, making us more likely to give to them, and so on. As a result, regions of our brain associated with pleasure, social connection, and trust light up, making us feel all warm and gooey inside.
Why generosity is exponential
When it comes to improving our happiness and well-being (not sure how well you are? Take this well-being quiz), generosity is a good choice because it has a ripple effect. If someone else sees us do something kind or generous, it actually makes them more likely to be generous too. Even saying a simple, “Thank you,” can inspire both of you, and those watching, to be more generous. This is how generosity creates a ripple effect, helping us feel happier and less lonely.
So what stops us? Why aren’t we all just generous all the time?
What are the precursors to becoming a more generous person?
It turns out that building positive thinking skills is an important precursor to getting the most we can out of generosity. Why? Because positive emotions—like gratitude, joy, or awe—make us more likely to give. The happier we feel when we give, the more likely we are to give to others again in the future. And the more grateful we are, in general, the more we enjoy the experience of witnessing other people benefiting from our gifts. So if we're having a hard time being more generous, we can benefit from developing our positive thinking skills.
What stops us from being generous people?
Lucky for us, it’s our default to be generous. But, we can accidentally override our natural inclinations to give it by over-relying on the “thinking” parts of our brains. Instead of following our natural impulse to be kind, we may come up with reasons for why shouldn’t give—maybe we want to buy something for ourselves or we are afraid of not having enough. But if our goal is happiness (either for ourselves of others), that’s a big mistake. We feel happier giving to others than spending money on ourselves. So try to overcome fear of not having enough, which can stop you from being a more generous person.
How do we become a more generous person?
Once we are open to trying to become more generous (either to increase our own happiness or the happiness of others) how might we do it? We could give gifts on holidays, to acknowledge accomplishments, or just because we felt like it (that’s my favorite time to give a gift). We can also practice random acts of kindness—for example, by leaving a kind note for a co-worker, emailing a family member to tell them you're grateful for something they did, or buying lunch for a friend.
How to make generosity more impactful
To make giving even more rewarding, focus on giving in ways that make a positive impact in someone else’s life (not just your life). The more we believe that what we give will be valuable or useful to others, the better it feels. And the more we know about how the receiver will use the gift, the more we enjoy giving. We really do want to know not only that we are making a difference, but how we are making a difference. So give thoughtfully and intentionally. It just feels better—both to us and to the gift recipient.
Learn more about how to build your well-being here.
References
Aknin, Lara B, Elizabeth W Dunn, and Michael I Norton. 2012. "Happiness runs in a circular motion: Evidence for a positive feedback loop between prosocial spending and happiness." Journal of Happiness Studies 13 (2):347-355.
Nelson, S Katherine, Matthew D Della Porta, Katherine Jacobs Bao, HyunJung Crystal Lee, Incheol Choi, and Sonja Lyubomirsky. 2015. "‘It’s up to you’: Experimentally manipulated autonomy support for prosocial behavior improves well-being in two cultures over six weeks." The Journal of Positive Psychology 10 (5):463-476.
Nook, Erik C, Desmond C Ong, Sylvia A Morelli, Jason P Mitchell, and Jamil Zaki. 2016. "Prosocial conformity: Prosocial norms generalize across behavior and empathy." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 42 (8):1045-1062.
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About the Author
Tchiki Davis, Ph.D., is a consultant, writer, and expert on well-being technology.
Online: The Berkeley Well-Being Institute, Facebook, LinkedIn
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GENEROSITY Definition & Usage Examples | Dictionary.com
GENEROSITY Definition & Usage Examples | Dictionary.com
GamesDaily CrosswordWord PuzzleWord FinderAll gamesFeaturedWord of the DaySynonym of the DayWord of the YearNew wordsLanguage storiesAll featuredPop cultureSlangEmojiMemesAcronymsGender and sexualityAll pop cultureWriting tipsGrammar Coach™Writing hubGrammar essentialsCommonly confusedAll writing tipsGamesFeaturedPop cultureWriting tipsgenerosity[ jen-uh-ros-i-tee ]show ipaSee synonyms for generosity on Thesaurus.comnoun,plural gen·er·os·i·ties.readiness or liberality in giving.freedom from meanness or smallness of mind or character.a generous act: We thanked him for his many generosities.largeness or fullness; amplitude.See moreOrigin of generosity1First recorded in 1375–1425; late Middle English generosite, from Latin generōsitās, from generōs(us) generous + -itās -ityOther words for generosity1 munificence, bountifulness 2 nobleness, magnanimitySee synonyms for generosity on Thesaurus.comOpposites for generosity1 stinginess 2 pettinessSee antonyms for generosity on Thesaurus.comOther words from generosityo·ver·gen·er·os·i·ty, nounsu·per·gen·er·os·i·ty, nounWords Nearby generositygenerativistgeneratorgeneratrixgenericgenericizationgenerositygenerousgenerous to a faultGeneseegenesicgenesisDictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2024How to use generosity in a sentenceGiridharadas’s message at the time was largely that the generosity of the global elite is somewhat laughable — that many of the same players who say they want to help society are creating its most intractable problems.Writer Anand Giridharadas on tech’s billionaires: “Are they even on the same team as us?” | Connie Loizos | September 25, 2020 | TechCrunch“Even brief experiences of awe yield a host of benefits including an expanded sense of time and enhanced feelings of generosity, well-being, and humility,” the paper notes.Regular doses of awe can do wonders for emotional health | Kat Eschner | September 22, 2020 | Popular-ScienceThe deal’s terms were a red flag for some analysts, and not just because of its generosity to GM.Why GM may escape from Nikola’s wreckage unharmed | dzanemorris | September 21, 2020 | FortuneBoerner Horvath has also, once again, benefited from the generosity of colleagues facing less competitive races.Sacramento Report: The Debate Over SB 145 Sure Escalated Quickly | Voice of San Diego | September 18, 2020 | Voice of San DiegoTo understand the seeming generosity of the elder birds, Ducouret and her team observed 27 broods of barn owls across the Switzerland countryside.Barn owlets share food with their younger siblings in exchange for grooming | Pratik Pawar | June 16, 2020 | Science NewsThis is comedy based on a cold humor, detached, euphemistic, devoid of any generosity.Houellebecq’s Incendiary Novel Imagines France With a Muslim President | Pierre Assouline | January 9, 2015 | THE DAILY BEASTSo Pope Francis has found a way to turn the generosity of others into good luck for a few.Pope Francis Raffles Off His Swag to Help the Poor | Barbie Latza Nadeau | November 18, 2014 | THE DAILY BEASTSo not only were they anti-Clinton, but they were anti-American small business and anti-generosity!Hillary’s Outside Enforcers Are Led by a Former Foe | David Freedlander | July 10, 2014 | THE DAILY BEASTI was, in fact, one of the lucky recipients of the inexhaustible generosity documented in the film.My Friend, Roger Ebert: Pulitzer Prize Winner Tom Shales on the Moving Documentary ‘Life Itself’ | Tom Shales | July 6, 2014 | THE DAILY BEASTHis reckless, open-hearted generosity eventually caught up with him.When Downtown Was Cool: Mario Batali, Simon Doonan, Wynton Marsalis Remember the Good Old Days | The Daily Beast | April 10, 2014 | THE DAILY BEASTHe come July six, for don't you mind how they called him Cevery out of pity and generosity for the Spayniards?The Soldier of the Valley | Nelson LloydHis unbounded generosity won for him the admiration of all his race, who graciously recognized him as their Maguinoó.The Philippine Islands | John ForemanStanhope subscribed to the reasonableness of the Duke's first impressions, as the immediate effect of such supposed generosity.The Pastor's Fire-side Vol. 3 of 4 | Jane PorterAs in the old days of the Rusholme Road, Batterby flung his money about with unostentatious generosity.The Joyous Adventures of Aristide Pujol | William J. LockeAltogether an odd and difficult character, but with a generosity and high courage that made her very lovable.Three More John Silence Stories | Algernon BlackwoodSee More ExamplesBritish Dictionary definitions for generositygenerosity/ (ˌdʒɛnəˈrɒsɪtɪ) /nounplural -tieswillingness and liberality in giving away one's money, time, etc; magnanimityfreedom from pettiness in character and minda generous actabundance; plentySee moreCollins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
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Definition of generosity noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary
generosity noun /ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti/ /ˌdʒenəˈrɑːsəti/[uncountable, singular]
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generosity (to/towards somebody) the fact of being generous (= willing to do kind things or give somebody money, gifts or time freely)He treated them with generosity and thoughtfulness.Extra ExamplesHow can I repay your generosity?She showed an unusual generosity of spirit to those who had opposed her.The hospital has now bought a new body scanner, thanks to the generosity of local fund-raisers.Their guests took advantage of their generosity, overstaying their welcome by several days.their great generosity to the schoolOxford Collocations Dictionaryadjectiveextraordinarygreatincredible…verb + generosityextendshow (somebody)appreciate…prepositiongenerosity togenerosity towards/towardphrasesan act of generositygenerosity of spiritthanks to the generosity of somebody…See full entryWord Originlate Middle English (denoting nobility of birth): from Latin generositas, from generosus ‘magnanimous’, from genus, gener- ‘stock, race’. Current senses date from the 17th cent.
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See generosity in the Oxford Advanced American DictionarySee generosity in the Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Academic EnglishCheck pronunciation:
generosity
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GENEROSITY | meaning - Cambridge Learner's Dictionary
GENEROSITY | meaning - Cambridge Learner's Dictionary
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Meaning of generosity – Learner’s Dictionary
generositynoun [ U ] uk
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/ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti/ us
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B2 the quality of being generous: I really appreciate all of your help and generosity.
(Definition of generosity from the Cambridge Learner's Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
Translations of generosity
in Chinese (Traditional)
慷慨，大方…
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in Chinese (Simplified)
慷慨，大方…
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in Spanish
generosidad, generosidad [feminine]…
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in Portuguese
generosidade, generosidade [feminine]…
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औदार्य…
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気前のよさ, 寛大（かんだい）さ…
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cömertlik, eli açıklık…
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générosité [feminine], générosité…
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generositat…
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generositeit…
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தாராளமாக இருப்பதன் தரம் அல்லது நிலை…
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(गुणवत्ता या अवस्था की) उदारता…
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ઉદારતા, દાનશીલતા (ગુણવત્તા અથવા સ્થિતિની)…
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gavmildhed, generøsitet, storsindethed…
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generositet…
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murah hati…
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die Freigiebigkeit…
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sjenerøsitet [masculine], raushet [masculine], sjenerøsitet…
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فراخدلی, سخاوت, فیاضی…
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великодушність, щедрість…
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щедрость, великодушие…
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ఉదారం/ ఉదారంగా ఉండడం తాలూకు నాణ్యత లేదా స్థితి…
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كَرَم, سَخاء…
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উদারতা…
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velkorysost…
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kedermawanan…
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ความเอื้อเฟื้อ, ความเผื่อแผ่…
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tính hào hiệp…
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hojność, wspaniałomyślność, wielkoduszność…
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관대함…
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generosità…
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Generosity Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
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generosity
1 ENTRIES FOUND:
generosity (noun)
generosity
/ˌʤɛnəˈrɑːsəti/
noun
generosity
/ˌʤɛnəˈrɑːsəti/
noun
Britannica Dictionary definition of GENEROSITY
[noncount]
:
the quality of being kind, understanding, and not selfish
:
the quality of being generous
She is admired for the generosity of her spirit. = She is admired for her generosity of spirit. [=she is admired because she is a kind person who cares about other people]
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willingness to give money and other valuable things to others
her generosity toward/to the poor
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Generosity - Wikipedia
Generosity - Wikipedia
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Generosity
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Liberal in giving
For the novel by Richard Powers, see Generosity: An Enhancement.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Generosity" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Generosity (also called largesse) is the virtue of being liberal in giving, often as gifts.[1] Generosity is regarded as a virtue by various world religions and philosophies and is often celebrated in cultural and religious ceremonies.
Scientific investigation into generosity has examined the effect of a number of scenarios and games on individuals' generosity, potential links with neurochemicals such as oxytocin, and generosity's relationship with similar feelings such as empathy.
Other uses[edit]
The most generous of people is the one who gives to those from whom he has no hope of return.
— Husain ibn Ali[2][better source needed]
Generosity often encompasses acts of charity, in which people give without expecting anything in return. This can involve offering time, assets, or talents to assist those in need, such as during natural disasters, where people voluntarily contribute resources, goods, and money. The impact of generosity is most profound when it arises spontaneously rather than being directed by an organization.[clarification needed][3] People can experience joy and satisfaction when they positively affect someone's life through acts of generosity.
Generosity is a guiding principle for many registered charities, foundations, non-profit organizations, etc.
Mohammed Ayub Khan, the second president of Pakistan presenting Jackie Kennedy a gelding, 1962
Etymology[edit]
The modern English word generosity derives from the Latin word generōsus, which means "of noble birth", which itself was passed down to English through the Old French word généreux. The Latin stem gener– is the declensional stem of genus, meaning "kin", "clan", "race", or "stock", with the root Indo-European meaning of gen being "to beget". The same root gives the words genesis, gentry, gender, genital, gentile, genealogy, and genius, among others.
Over the last five centuries in the English-speaking world, generosity has developed from being primarily the description of an ascribed status pertaining to the elite nobility to being an achieved mark of admirable personal quality and action capable of being exercised in theory by any person who had learned virtue and noble character.[4]
Members of the Romanian Army sharing gifts with children in Afghanistan, 2009
Most recorded English uses of the word generous up to and during the sixteenth century reflect an aristocratic sense of being of noble lineage or high birth. Being generous was literally a way of complying with nobility.
During the 17th century, the meaning and use of the word began to change. Generosity came increasingly to identify not literal family heritage but a nobility of spirit thought to be associated with high birth—that is, with various admirable qualities that could now vary from person to person, depending not on family history but on personal character. Generosity came to signify gallantry, courage, strength, richness, gentleness, and fairness. In addition, generous became used to describe fertile land, the strength of animal breeds, abundant provisions of food, the vibrancy of colors, the strength of liquor, and the potency of medicine.
During the 18th century, the meaning of generosity continued to evolve to denote the more specific, contemporary meaning of munificence, open-handedness, and liberality in the giving of money and possessions to others. This more specific meaning came to dominate English usage by the 19th century.
In religion[edit]
Members of the US Army 1st Sustainment Command wrap Christmas gifts for soldiers stationed in or passing through Kuwait, 2008
In Buddhism, generosity is one of the Ten Perfections and is the antidote to the self-chosen poison called greed. Generosity is known as dāna in the Eastern religious scriptures.
In Islam, the Quran states that whatever one gives away generously, with the intention of pleasing God, He will replace. God knows what is in the hearts of men. Say: “Truly, my Lord enlarges the provision for whom He wills of His slaves, and also restricts it for him, and whatever you spend of anything (in God’s Cause), He will replace it. And He is the Best of providers.”[Quran 34:39]
In Christianity, in the Acts of the Apostles, Paul reports that Jesus said that giving is better than receiving,[5] although the gospels do not record this as a saying of Jesus.[6] In his first letter to Timothy, Paul tells rich Christians that they must be "generous and willing to share".[7] Later Christian tradition further developed the concept[vague] of the virtue of charity.[clarification needed]
In philosophy[edit]
Immanuel Kant also contemplates generosity in a universal and uninterested form[further explanation needed] in his categorical imperative.
Research and scholarship[edit]
Research associates generosity with empathy.[non sequitur] Paul J. Zak and colleagues administered the peptide oxytocin or placebo was given to about 100 men who then they made several decisions regarding money. One scenario, the Dictator Game, was used to measure altruism by asking people to make a unilateral transfer of $10 they were given by the experimenters to a stranger in the lab; oxytocin had no effect on altruism[clarification needed]. Another task, the Ultimatum Game, was used to measure generosity. In this game, one person was endowed with $10 and was asked to offer some split of it to another person in the lab, via computer. If the second person did not like the split, he could reject it (for example, if it was stingy) and both people would get zero. In a clever twist, the researchers told participants they would be randomly chosen to be either the person making the offer or the person responding to it. This required the person making the offer to take the other's perspective explicitly. Generosity was defined as an offer greater than the minimum amount needed for acceptance. Oxytocin increased generosity 80% compared to those on placebo. In addition, oxytocin was quantitatively twice as important in predicting generosity as was altruism[clarification needed].[8]
Research indicates that higher-income individuals are less generous than poorer[clarification needed] individuals,[9][10] and that a perceived[clarification needed] higher[compared to?] economic inequality leads higher-income individuals to be less generous.[9]
The science of generosity initiative at the University of Notre Dame[11] investigates the sources, origins, and causes of generosity; manifestations and expressions of generosity; and consequences of generosity for givers and receivers. Generosity for the purposes of this project is defined as the virtue of giving good things to others empathically and abundantly.
The impact of external circumstances on generosity was explored by Milan Tsverkova and Michael W. Macy.[12] Generosity exhibited a form of social contagion, influencing people's willingness to be generous. The study examined two methods of spreading generosity behavior: generalized reciprocity and the influence of observing others' generous actions. The findings indicate that these methods increase the frequency of generous behaviors. However, a bystander effect can also arise, leading to a decrease in the frequency of such behaviors.
Peer punishment influences cooperation in human groups. In one set of laboratory experiments, participant roles included punishers, non-punishers, and generous and selfish people. Generous people were considered more trustworthy by participants than selfish people, and punishers were considered less trustworthy than non-punishers.[13]
See also[edit]
Altruism – Principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others
Ambitus – Political corruption crime in ancient Roman law
Categorical imperative – Central concept in Kantian moral philosophy
Dāna – Concept of charity in Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism
Kindness – Behavior marked by generosity, consideration, assistance, or concern for others
Largitio – Political corruption crime in ancient Roman lawPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Magnanimity – Virtue of being great of mind and heart
Philanthropy – Private efforts to increase public good
Selfishness – Concern for self above that of others
Selfless service – Selfless service and volunteering in Indian religionsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
References[edit]
^ Pakaluk, Michael (2005). Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 173. ISBN 9780521817424explains the translation difficulties and names generosity as the least bad translation of Greek eleutheriotes.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^ "Saying of Imam Hussain". POiSON WORLD. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
^ Smith, Christian; Davidson, Hilary (2014-09-01). The Paradox of Generosity. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199394906.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-939490-6.
^ "What is Generosity". Science of Generosity. Archived from the original on 19 March 2009.
^ Acts 20:35
^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), Footnote f at Acts 20:35
^ 1 Timothy 6:18
^ Zak, Paul J.; Stanton, Angela A.; Ahmadi, Sheila (7 November 2007). "Oxytocin Increases Generosity in Humans". PLOS ONE. 2 (11): e1128. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2.1128Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001128. PMC 2040517. PMID 17987115.
^ a b Côté, Stéphane; House, Julian; Willer, Robb (November 2015). "High economic inequality leads higher-income individuals to be less generous". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 11 (52): 15838–15843. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11215838C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1511536112. PMC 4702979. PMID 26598668.
^ Piff, Paul K.; Kraus, Michael W.; Côté, Stéphane; Cheng, Bonnie Hayden; Keltner, Dacher (November 2010). "Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 99 (5): 771–784. doi:10.1037/a0020092. PMID 20649364.
^ "Science of Generosity". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
^ Tsvetkova, Milena; Macy, Michael W. (13 February 2014). "The Social Contagion of Generosity". PLOS ONE. 9 (2): e87275. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...987275T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087275. PMC 3923723. PMID 24551053.
^ Przepiorka, Wojtek; Liebe, Ulf (July 2016). "Generosity is a sign of trustworthiness—the punishment of selfishness is not". Evolution and Human Behavior. 37 (4): 255–262. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.12.003.
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